![]() ![]() Scientific evidence for the Th1 spinopelvic inclination equal to 3.5° and the Th9 spinopelvic incedence equal to 7.6° The angle between C1–C2 in our model is equal to 23.5° that is in agreement with literature data. ![]() The Neutral Spine Curves for an Adult Man in Standing Standard Anatomical PositionĪn evaluation of the cervical lordosis angle usually includes at least two levels: (1) angle between C1–C2 and (2) cervical lordosis from C2 to C7. The first focuses on the spine's physiological curves (kyphoses and lordoses), the second part reviews the geometry and spatial orientation of the pelvis, and, finally, the third is dedicated to the global sagittal balance of the spine as a whole. The literature review presented in this webpage is in the form of graphs that were composed following the uniform logic: ![]() This is why the choice of a particular configuration for our model was navigated by the range of standard deviations reported in multiple research papers and not by the data from the single trustable source. However, even after selecting the study data by sex and age, we see highly variable results. Now we know more about multiple factors affecting the physiological curves of the spine, like differences between genders and ethnic groups (Roopnarian 2011, Zhu 2014), changes of spine curves during a lifetime ( Iorio 2018), and an effect of physical activity ( Todd 2015). Since these words were written, the medical imaging technique and methodology applied in research evolved significantly. The best way to illustrate that phenomenon is to cite one of the most relevant sources-the textbook "Clinical biomechanics of the spine" by White and Panjabi-"The normal lumbar lordosis angle supported by the 20–40-year-old literature data lies within large range from 20° to 70° and an analogous thoracic kyphosis angle-from 20° to 50°". Each angle and distance is with a relatively large variance. It is surprising, but there is no universal formula for the neutral sagittal alignment of the spine. The set of measurements used to build the model of the human spine. ![]()
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